Geopolitics and the Measurement of National Power
Surveys Formulas Literature People About Data Residue

Here are the results of two power perception surveys. One from 1970 and one from 1998.

1970 power perception survey by Alcock and Newcombe

Schwartzman and Araujo (1966) obtained a rank ordering of 20 Latin American countries from 327 university students in Chile, Argentina, and Brazil, based on their perceptions of the countries as high, middle, or low in "prestige or importance." This simple but effective technique was repeated using 38 Canadian subjects, approximately equally divided among adults and students, men and women. The average age was 29, ranging from 15 to 61, and the average level of education was 14 years. These subjects were asked to list 122 nations "in order of their power as they think of them." The ten most powerful nations were to be rated separately, the remainder into four groups of decreasing power; each such group comprised 28 nations. The nations were then scored from 1 to 10 if they were in the first group, 24.5 if in Group B, 52.5 if in Group C, 80.5 if in Group D, and 108.5 if in Group E. The average rank order thus produced is shown in column B of Table 1.
(Alcock & Newcombe 1970: 335−336)

Table 1. RANK ORDERING OF 103 NATIONS AS PERCEIVED BY CANADIAN SUBJECTS.
Can.
Subj.
Perc.
NationGNPMilitary
Expenditures
PPE $
(millions)
Rank
order
1U.S.A.1632831
2U.S.S.R.2445002
3U.K.357614
4France646395
5China560003
6W. Germany445646
7Canada717058
8Japan9127610
9Australia1399114
10Israel5435830
11Italy1018157
12India812839
13East Germany1771419
14Sweden16103212
15Czechoslovakia20102813
16Cuba4121339
17S. Africa2737529
18Poland12110211
19Netherlands1977517
20Egypt3751421
21Yugoslavia3074218
22Spain2195415
23Hungary2924537
24Norway3422938
25Belgium1550522
26Greece4221240
27Denmark3128135
28Brazil1171220
29Austria3218941
30Turkey2646323
31Finland3617145
32New Zealand3913250
33N. Vietnam6535031
34Argentina1832633
35Switzerland2338627
36Mexico2215947
37Pakistan2539126
38N. Korea6946024
39Venezuela3317842
40Portugal4838228
41Bulgaria4017046
42Algeria499956
43Indonesia1490016
44Iran4628334
45S. Vietnam6312951
46Saudi Arabia6014448
47Jordan945763
48Rumania2426536
49S. Korea387758
50Ghana645962
51Iraq6134132
52Ireland513069
53Syria679557
54Cambodia815364
55Albania912871
56Chile4317744
57Congo567160
58Nigeria447659
59Taiwan5239525
60Laos1003565
61Thailand4711753
62Kenya771183
63Bolivia881381
64Colombia3513949
65Ethiopia593466
66Rhodesia62891
67Peru5010355
68Malaya4517843
69Uruguay551182
70Lebanon753070
71Philippines286661
72Cyprus921086
73Kuwait743168
74Panama901102
75Morocco5312552
76Tunisia681876
77Burma5811054
78Ceylon571480
79Afghanistan712373
80Singapore762672
81Luxembourg821085
82Sudan731088
83Mongolia1031578
84Tanganyika78892
85Iceland990103
86Paraguay951677
87Liberia96398
88Libya1013467
89Dominican Rep.721974
90Ecuador661975
91Jamaica80597
92Nicaragua93990
93Guatemala701479
94Guayana97696
95Nepal84695
96Costa Rica853101
97Haiti86793
98Honduras87794
99Trinidad893100
100Somalia98989
101El Salvador791087
102Madagascar831184
103Togo102399

Source: ALCOCK, Norman Z. & NEWCOMBE, Alan G. 1970. "The perception of national power." Conflict Resolution 14 (3), 335−343.

1998 power perception survey by Jean-Yves Caro

Caro conducted the survey in the first semester of 1998 at the Institute of Higher Studies for National Defense [Institut des hautes études de défense nationale – IHEDN], which is a French public institution for the purpose of training military and civilian public servants in defense matters. 214 students agreed to participate in the survey. The surveyees were asked to assign scores ranging from 1 to 15 for the power of 40 selected countries.

Table 2. The hierarchy of the power of nations
RankingAverage powerStandard deviation
1United States14.380.75
2China12.111.76
3Japan121.87
4Germany11.821.88
5France11.611.81
6United Kingdom11.341.96
7Russia11.322.14
8India10.242.19
9Israel9.922.31
10Canada9.762.14
11Australia8.652.04
12Spain8.441.98
13Brazil8.411.9
14South Africa8.252.23
15Saudi Arabia8.122.38
16Iran7.82.03
17Turkey7.82.3
18Sweden7.692.48
19Pakistan7.382.79
20Argentina7.181.99
21Indonesia7.122.29
22Mexico7.12.04
23Iraq7.092.28
24Singapore6.932.56
25Ukraine6.872.71
26Egypt6.812.13
27Syria6.752.16
28Chile6.232.1
29Poland5.861.96
30Malaysia5.782.32
31Morocco5.761.95
32Nigeria5.472.41
33Libya5.372.26
34Algeria5.272.14
35Colombia4.761.84
36Uruguay4.431.98
37Libanon4.32.09
38Sudan3.321.92
39Yemen3.291.78
40Zambia2.51.51

Source: CARO, Jean-Yves. "Les schèmes de perception de la puissance." Les Champs de Mars (2e semestre), 97−125. Available at:
https://www.cairn.info/revue-les-champs-de-mars-ldm-2000-2-page-97.htm